This is an online Iowa legal update course for law enforcement officers. The lesson addresses recent court decisions providing guidance to Iowa police officers regarding the following questions:

• When may an officer stop a driver for suspected illegal cell phone use?

• May an officer seize a person to enforce an observed parking violation? May the officer subsequently extend the stop to investigate other criminal activity?

• Must an officer arrest a person for a violation of Iowa Code section 321J.2 (OWI) before the officer may invoke implied consent proceedings?

• If an officer never takes physical control of a suspect, but does fire a weapon and strike a fleeing suspect with a bullet, has the officer seized the suspect under the Fourth Amendment?

• What officer actions convert a consensual encounter into a seizure?