This is an online Iowa legal update course for law enforcement  officers. The lesson addresses recent court decisions providing guidance  to Iowa police officers regarding the following questions:

• What evidence is required to prove a defendant possessed illegal drugs?

• When is a drug dog adequately reliable?

• Can an anonymous tip provide probable cause that a crime has occurred?

• To come within the plain-feel exception to the warrant requirement,  what must be immediately apparent to an officer conducting a lawful  pat-down search?

• How long may a police officer keep a compliant, non-threatening individual in handcuffs during a Terry stop?