This lesson provides guidance to Iowa law enforcement officers on the following topics:

• What constitutes an improper promise of leniency during an interrogation?

• When is information too stale to support an application for a search warrant? And what evidence is sufficient to establish a defendant’s “intent” to deliver a controlled substance?

• What evidence is sufficient to prove that a driver had constructive possession over drugs discovered inside a bag located in the passenger area of the vehicle?

• When may officers rely on the emergency aid exception to the warrant requirement to enter a residence?

• What constitutes an excessive use of force when apprehending a fleeing suspect?