This lesson provides guidance for law enforcement officers on the following topics:

• What evidence makes it necessary for police to give a suspect the Miranda warnings? And, when is evidence sufficient for obtaining a search warrant for a cell phone and Google search history?

• When does a citizen’s report of erratic driving provide a basis for a traffic stop?

• When does a search warrant for child pornography become stale?

• Does a driver’s failure to yield to pedestrians who are crossing a roadway within a marked crosswalk or intersection provide probable cause to stop the driver?

• When are police justified in using deadly force against an individual holding a knife?