This lesson provides guidance for law enforcement officers on the following topics:

• Does a tinted license plate cover that obscures the letters and numbers on the plate violate Iowa law?

• When has an individual been “seized” under the Fourth Amendment?

• When can a trespass be charged as a hate crime?

• What evidence is sufficient to show that a defendant has understood the Miranda warnings and has validly waived his or her Miranda rights?

• What evidence is sufficient to show a defendant possessed a firearm as a felon?